Graphene-based nano-functional materials for surface modification of wheat straw to enhance the performance of bio-based polylactic acid composites

To enhance wheat straw compatibility with the polylactic acid (PLA) matrix, several graphene-based materials (GBMs) derivatives, including graphene nanoplatelets, oxide, and nano graphite particles a constant fraction of 0.1 wt.-%, were employed for surface functionalisation straw. Wheat quality was assessed by comparing PLA bio-based composites' mechanical thermal performance without GBM functionalisation. All resulting composites functionalised exhibited higher stability, flexural strength, tensile toughness than those pristine This could be associated improved straw/PLA matrix interfacial bonding induced existence GBMs on which confirmed through morphology assessments. The properties investigations revealed maximum enhancements 27%, 66%, 322% toughness, respectively, consisting oxide-functionalised compared to control samples.